"Migration", the people where left a place for an area where they could find a living. Well, there would be no offence if a migration lies inside the country either in between the countries as long as it took place with valid travel documents, Id proofs. But the problem arises when people start to migrate through international borders without any authentication.
Citizenship, the term itself looks simple in nature but in-depth it holds a mighty history. It is a sensitive topic that has to be dealt with immense care and especially for countries like India, the largest democratic country in the world. It decides whether a person eligible to live in the country, enjoy the rights, get the identity. In simple word, it is a matter of pride and dignity for an individual. Granting citizenship without any care would cause a great threat to the nation and the consequences cannot be handled. So the always challenging thing in citizenship for the nation is Illegal Immigration.
Even though India shares its border with many countries,it says that most of the illegal immigrants are from Bangladesh. As Bangladesh shares all its land border with India, it could be the major reason beyond this. Even though India has a strong border security force, some reports claim that still there exists some secret ways like tunnels and other ways which are prominently used in ancient times. So, this article focus on some major changes that took place in constitution due to this issue.
This major issue came into limelight with the Assam movement led by the students of Assam. It started in early 1979 and ended in 1985 eventually with the interference of Indian government. In the very next year, the 1986 amendment act has been made stating that anyone of the parent should be an Indian citizen for a child and it made restriction by birth.
The results of 2001 census gave some shocking results to the government of India. According to the census of 2001,there exists 31lakh people exists in India who came from Bangladesh. In the state of Assam alone there exists 20lakh Bangladeshis who immigrated to India illegally. A committe under Samir Guha Roy started research on this major issue and submitted a report that in between 1981-1991 there had been 91,000 people every year immigrated to India. After two years of the census that is in 2003, the government made an amendment called the 2003 amendment act. This act states that no parent should be an illegal immigrant to India by mantaining a National Register of Citizens.
In the year 2019, the government of India made a move to grant citizenship to the refugees in the countries of Pakistan,Afghanistan and Bangladesh. Except the people from muslim religion all the religion members are granted citizenship if they are eligible. This raised some conflicts pointing that the government going aganist right to equality by excluding muslims. But it is better to say the muslims are not included rather than they are expelled. The reason behind granting the citizenship to all the refugees is that they are facing the religious descrimination in those countries. In this amendment where the government relaxes the resident years from 11 to 6 years. As the three countries are Islamic republic nations, the government of India came to a perspective that there would be no descrimination aganist the muslims. This is the major goal of Citizenship Amendment Act of 2019 which was passed on 11th December,2019 by the Parliament of India.
So, illegal immegration is an issue that exists right from the beginning but leading to the new circumstances at a change in period. Every time where comes a new issues, the state making the laws more strengthen to protect from dangerous threats. Illegal immigration is a complicated thread where it directly related to security breach,smuggling and spread of terrorism that makes a state to undergo through serious changes, sometimes which go aganist will of the society and people. Even that is the reason why every generation witness the amendments in this particular act by time to time.
-Nithin Kumar Guna
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